Supply chain configuration is the strategic design and structuring of the entire network of facilities and flows involved in creating and delivering products or services. As a core academic concept and research area within supply chain management, it investigates the optimal location, capacity, technology, and interconnections of supply chain nodes (e.g., plants, distribution centers, retailers) and the definition of material and information flow paths, critical for achieving desired performance objectives such as cost efficiency, responsiveness, and resilience under various operational and market conditions.